Freshwater prawn (scampi) farming in India

Giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii — commonly called scampi — is a growing freshwater alternative to coastal shrimp. It suits inland farmers, works well in polyculture with carps, and is being promoted through GI branding.

Sources: ICAR-CIFA manuals · CAA guidelines · MPEDA BMPs Last updated: 24 August 2026
Giant freshwater prawn with long blue claws underwater
Giant freshwater prawn — note the long, blue-tinted claws.

Biology at a glance

6–8 monthsCrop duration
30–80 gHarvest size
0–10 pptSalinity (mostly fresh)
1.8–2.5Typical FCR range

Scampi is a true freshwater prawn that grows large — males can reach 80 g or more. It is native to India and is farmed in freshwater ponds, often alongside Indian and Chinese carps. Its long blue claws and firm, sweet meat make it popular in domestic markets.

Water and salinity

Scampi is farmed in freshwater, though it tolerates low salinity (up to about 10 ppt). The larvae need brackish water in the hatchery, but grow-out is in fresh water.

ParameterIdeal rangeNotes
Salinity0–5 pptFreshwater grow-out
Temperature26–32 °CGrows well in warm water
Dissolved oxygen (DO)≥ 4 mg/LCritical in summer
pH7.0–8.5Neutral to slightly alkaline
Water depth1–1.5 mDeeper ponds help in summer

Polyculture with carps

Scampi is often grown in polyculture with carps (catla, rohu, mrigal, or Chinese carps). The prawns use the bottom and edges, the carps use the water column, and both benefit from the same pond fertilisation. This spreads risk and adds income per hectare.

Freshwater pond for scampi and carp polyculture in rural India
Polyculture ponds combine scampi with carps to use the pond fully and spread risk.
✓ Why polyculture works

Different feeding niches, better use of natural food, and a second income stream. Follow CIFA stocking ratios for scampi + carp combinations.

Crop cycle

StageDurationKey actions
Pond preparation2–3 weeksDrying, liming, fertilising, bloom
Nursery (optional)30–45 daysGrow post-larvae to juveniles
Grow-out5–7 monthsFeeding, water management, selective harvest
Harvest2–4 weeksSelective harvest of large males

Because males grow much faster than females, farmers selectively harvest the big males and let females and smaller animals grow on.

Seed

Buy post-larvae (PL) or juveniles from a reliable hatchery or from state fisheries / CIFA-supported nurseries. Ask for healthy, active animals of uniform size. Seed quality and size grading strongly affect survival and growth.

Feeding

Scampi eat natural pond food plus supplementary feed. Use a prawn-specific or fish feed and feed on trays. FCR is higher than vannamei — roughly 1.8–2.5 — because the crop is longer and the animals are larger.

Market and GI scampi

Scampi is sold mainly in domestic markets — fresh, iced or frozen — and increasingly through GI-tagged branding that raises its value. The revival push includes better seed, polyculture packages and market development.

Large freshwater prawn held in a farmer's hands
Large male scampi — the premium product that drives the GI revival.
ℹ️ Domestic demand is the engine

Unlike coastal shrimp, scampi's main market is inside India. Check local demand and price before scaling up — the market is growing but thinner than the export shrimp trade.

Is scampi right for your pond?

Compare freshwater scampi with coastal vannamei and tiger shrimp before you decide.

Vannamei guide Costs & returns